1. Folasaga

Antimony, e pei o se uʻamea taua e le o se uʻamea, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i afi mumu, uʻamea, semiconductors ma isi fanua. Ae ui i lea, o le antimony ores i le natura e masani ona ola faatasi ma arsenic, e mafua ai le maualuga o le arsenic i totonu o le antimony crude e matua afaina ai le faatinoga ma le faaaogaina o oloa antimony. O lenei tusiga o loʻo faʻapipiʻiina auala eseese mo le aveeseina o arsenic i le faʻamamaina o le antimony mama, e aofia ai le faʻamamaina o le pyrometallurgical, faʻamamaina o le hydrometallurgical, ma le faʻamamaina o le eletise, faʻamalamalamaina o latou taʻiala, faʻagasologa o gaioiga, tulaga faʻaogaina, ma tulaga lelei / faʻaletonu.

2. Pyrometallurgical Refining mo Arsenic Aveesea

2.1 Metotia Fa'amamaina Alkali

2.1.1 Mataupu Faavae

O le auala e fa'amamaina ai le alkaline e aveese ai le arsenic e fa'avae i luga o le tali i le va o arsenic ma alkali fa'apipi'i u'amea e fausia ai arsenates. Fa'atusa tali autu:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Fa'agasologa Fa'agasologa

1. Sauniuniga o mea mata'utia: Tu'i'i'i le antimony mama i ni vaega 5-10mm ma fa'afefiloi ma le efuefu sua (Na₂CO₃) i se fua faatatau o le 10:1.
2. Fa'aliusuavai: Fa'avela i totonu o se ogaumu fa'afefe i le 850-950°C, taofi mo le 2-3 itula
3. Oxidation: Fa'afeiloa'i le ea fa'apipi'i (omiga 0.2-0.3MPa), tafega 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Fausia o le ma'a: Fa'aopoopo le aofa'i talafeagai o le masima (NaNO₃) e fai ma vaila'au, fua ole 3-5% ole mamafa o le antimoni.
5. Ave'ese le pa'u: A mae'a ona fa'amalie mo le 30 minute, aveese le pa'u i luga
6. Toe fai le gaioiga: Toe fai le faagasologa o loʻo i luga 2-3 taimi

2.1.3 Fa'agasologa Fa'atonu Fa'atonu

• Puleaina o le vevela: vevela sili ona lelei 900±20°C
• Ole fua ole alkali: Fetuuna'i e tusa ai ma mea e maua i arsenic, masani ole 8-12% ole mamafa ole antimony
• Taimi fa'ama'i: 1-1.5 itula i le ta'amilosaga oxidation

2.1.4 Fa'atosina Aveesea o Arsenic

E mafai ona faʻaitiitia mea o le arsenic mai le 2-5% i le 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Metotia Volatilization Oxidative

2.2.1 Mataupu Faavae

Fa'aaogaina le uiga o le arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) e sili atu ona fe'avea'i nai lo le antimony oxide. O le As₂O₃ e fa'afefeteina ile na o le 193°C, ae ole Sb₂O₃ e mana'omia le 656°C.

2.2.2 Fa'agasologa Fa'agasologa

1. Fa'alifu fa'ama'i: Fa'avela i totonu o se umu fa'ata'amilo i le 600-650°C fa'atasi ai ma le fa'aofiina o le ea.
2. Togafitiga o le kasa: Fa'a'ele'ele ma toe fa'afo'i le As₂O₃
3. Fa'aitiitiga fa'afefeteina: Fa'aitiitia mea o totoe ile 1200°C fa'atasi ma le koko
4. Fa'amamāina: Fa'aopoopo i ai se vaega itiiti o le pefu soda mo le fa'amama atili

2.2.3 Parameter Autu

• Fa'atonuga ole okesene: 21-28%
• Taimi nofomau: 4-6 itula
• Saosaoa suiga kiln: 0.5-1r/min

3. Hydrometallurgical Refining mo Arsenic Aveesea

3.1 Alkali Sulfide Leaching Metotia

3.1.1 Mataupu Faavae

Fa'aaogaina le uiga o le arsenic sulfide e maualuga atu le solubility i vaifofo alkali sulfide nai lo le antimony sulfide. Tali autu:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → E le mafai ona solu

3.1.2 Fa'agasologa Fa'agasologa

1. Sulfidation: Faafefiloi le paʻu antimony mama ma le sulfur i le 1:0.3 le mamafa fua, sulfidize i le 500°C mo le 1 itula
2. Fa'amama: Fa'aaogā le vaifofo 2mol/L Na₂S, fa'atatau vai-malosi 5:1, fa'aoso i le 80°C mo le 2 itula
3. Fa'amama: Fa'amama fa'atasi ma lolomi fa'amama, o mea o totoe o le fa'ama'i fa'ama'i fa'ama'i
4. Toe Fa'afouina: Fa'aofi le H₂S i totonu o le su'ega e toe fa'afouina ai le Na₂S

3.1.3 Tulaga Fa'agasologa

• Na₂S fa'atonuga: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• Faʻasaʻo pH: 12-13
• Fa'amama le lelei: As>90%, Sb gau<5%

3.2 Metotia Lisi Oxidative Asidic

3.2.1 Mataupu Faavae

Fa'aaogaina le fa'ama'iina faigofie a arsenic i tulaga oona, fa'aaoga mea fa'ama'i pei o le FeCl₃ po'o le H₂O₂ mo le fa'amavaeina filifilia.

3.2.2 Fa'agasologa Fa'agasologa

1. Fa'amama: I le 1.5mol/L HCl solution, fa'aopoopo le 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, fa'atatau vai-malosi 8:1.
2. Pulea fa'aletonu: Fa'atumauina le malosi fa'ama'i ile 400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Tu'ueseesega-suavai: Vacuum filtration, lafo filtrate i arsenic toe faʻaleleia
4. Fufulu: Fufulu fa'a 3 taimi o totoe o le faamama ile fa'amama fa'ama'i vai

4. Electrolytic Refining Method

4.1 Mataupu Faavae

Fa'aaogāina le eseesega i le fa'aputuga o mea i le va o le antimony (+0.212V) ma le arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Fa'agasologa Fa'agasologa

1. Sauniuniga anode: lafo antimony mama i 400 × 600 × 20mm ipu anode
2. Tulaga eletise: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, fa'aopoopo (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Tulaga eletise:
   • Ole maualuga ole taimi nei: 120-150A/m²
   • Cell voltage: 0.4-0.6V
   • Vevela: 30-35°C
   • Electrode mamao: 100mm
4. Ta'amilosaga: Ave'ese mai le sela i le 7-10 aso uma

4.3 Fa'ailoga Fa'apitoa

• Cathode antimony mama: ≥99.85%
• Fuafuaga e aveese ai le arsenic: >95%
• Lelei i le taimi nei: 85-90%

5. Fa'atekonolosi Fa'atosina o Arsenic Removal

5.1 Vacuum Distillation

I lalo ole 0.1-10Pa vacuum, fa'aogaina le eseesega o le mamafa o le ausa (As: 133Pa i le 550 ° C, Sb mana'omia le 1000 ° C).

5.2 Plasma Oxidation

Faʻaaogaina le plasma maualalo (5000-10000K) mo le faʻamaʻiina o arsenic filifilia, taimi faʻasolosolo puʻupuʻu (10-30min), faʻaitiitia le malosi.

6. Fa'asologa o Fa'atusatusaga ma Fautuaga Filifilia

Fautuaga filifilia:

• Fafaga maualuga-arsenic (As>3%): Mana'omia le fa'amama sulfide alkali
• Medium arsenic (0.5-3%): Fa'amamaina o le alkali po'o le eletise
• Mana'oga maualalo-arsenic maualuga mama: Electrolytic faamamaina fautuaina

7. Fa'ai'uga

O le aveeseina o arsenic mai le antimony e mana'omia le iloiloga atoatoa o uiga o meafaitino, mea e mana'omia, ma le tamaoaiga. O auala masani o le pyrometallurgical e tele le gafatia ae taua le mamafa o le siosiomaga; metotia hydrometallurgical e itiiti le filogia ae umi faiga; auala eletise e maua ai le mama maualuga ae sili atu le malosi. O fa'atonuga o atina'e i le lumana'i e aofia ai:

1. Atina'e lelei mea fa'aopoopo fa'aopoopo
2. Fa'amalieina fa'agasologa tu'ufa'atasi fa'atele
3. Faʻaleleia le faʻaogaina o punaoa arsenic
4. Faʻaitiitia le faʻaaogaina o le malosi ma le faʻaleagaina