O loʻo mulimuli mai se auiliiliga atoatoa o tekinolosi aupito lata mai, saʻo, tau, ma tulaga faʻaoga:
I. Tekonolosi Fa'ailoilo Fou
- Tekonolosi Fa'apipi'i ICP-MS/MS
- Mataupu Faavae: Fa'aaogaina le tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) e aveese ai le fa'alavelave o le matrix, fa'atasi ai ma le fa'aleleia atili o le togafitiga muamua (e pei o le acid digestion po'o le microwave dissolution), e mafai ai ona iloa le tele o mea leaga o le metallic ma metalloid i le tulaga ppb
- Sa'o lelei: Tapulaʻa e iloa ai e maualalo e pei o le 0.1 ppb, talafeagai mo u'amea mama atoatoa (≥99.999% mama)
- Tau: Tau maualuga o meafaigaluega (~285,000–285,000–714,000 USD), faatasi ai ma manaoga tausiga ma faagaoioiga faigata
- ICP-OES Maualuga-Ioeli
- Mataupu Faavae: Fuafuaina o mea leaga e ala i le iloiloina o elemene faapitoa o le faʻasalalauga e mafua mai i le plasma excitation.
- Sa'o lelei: Iloa ai mea leaga e maualuga i le ppm ma se laina lautele (5–6 poloaiga o le malosi), e ui lava e ono tupu le fa'alavelave i le matrix.
- Tau: Tau talafeagai o meafaigaluega (~143,000–143,000–286,000 USD), e fetaui lelei mo u'amea masani e maualuga le mama (99.9%–99.99% le mama) i su'ega fa'aputuga.
- Fa'ata'ita'iga o le Fa'asalalauina o le Malamalama (GD-MS)
- Mataupu Faavae: Fa'a-ionize sa'o ai luga o fa'ata'ita'iga malo e 'alofia ai le fa'aleagaina o le vaila'au, ma mafai ai ona su'esu'eina le tele o isotope.
- Sa'o lelei: Tapula'a o le iloa e o'o atu i tulaga-ppt, ua mamanuina mo u'amea mama atoatoa o le vasega semiconductor (≥99.9999% mama).
- Tau: Maualuga tele (> $714,000 USD), fa'atapula'aina i fale su'esu'e maualuluga.
- Fa'ailoga o le X-ray Photoelectron i totonu o le nofoaga (XPS)
- Mataupu Faavae: Iloiloina tulaga fa'akemikolo o luga e iloa ai vaega o le oxide po'o vaega o mea le mama78.
- Sa'o lelei: Iloiloga o le loloto i le nanoscale ae fa'atapula'aina i le au'ili'iliga o le fogaeleele.
- Tau: Maualuga (~$429,000 USD), faatasi ai ma tausiga faigata.
II. Fofo Fautuaina mo le Sailiga
E faʻatatau i le ituaiga uʻamea, le tulaga mama, ma le paketi, o tuʻufaʻatasiga nei e fautuaina:
- U'amea Mama Tele (>99.999%)
- Tekonolosi: ICP-MS/MS + GD-MS14
- Fa'amanuiaga: E aofia ai mea leaga laiti ma le auiliiliga o isotope ma le sa'o atoatoa.
- Talosaga: Meafaitino semiconductor, sini sputtering.
- Uamea Mama Maualuga Masani (99.9%–99.99%)
- Tekonolosi: ICP-OES + Fa'asologa Fa'akemikolo 24
- Fa'amanuiaga: Taugofie (aofa'i ~$214,000 USD), e lagolagoina le vave iloa o le tele o elemene.
- Talosaga: Apa mama maualuga tau alamanuia, apamemea, ma isi.
- Uamea Taua (Au, Ag, Pt)
- Tekonolosi: XRF + Su'ega o le Afi68
- Fa'amanuiaga: Su'ega e le fa'aleagaina (XRF) fa'atasi ai ma le fa'amaoniga fa'akemikolo maualuga le sa'o; tau atoa ~71,000–71,000–143,000 USD?
- Talosaga: Teuga, auro, po'o ni tulaga e mana'omia ai le sa'o o fa'ata'ita'iga.
- Talosaga e Ma'ale'ale i Tau
- Tekonolosi: Fa'asologa o le Fa'a-kemikolo + Su'esu'ega o le Fa'avevela/Conductivity24
- Fa'amanuiaga: Tau atoa < $29,000 USD, talafeagai mo pisinisi laiti ma feololo (SME) po'o le su'esu'ega muamua.
- Talosaga: Siakiina o mea mata po'o le puleaina o le lelei i luga o le nofoaga.
III. Taiala Faatusatusaga ma Filifiliga o Tekonolosi
| Tekonolosi | Sa'o (Tapula'a o le Iloa) | Tau (Meafaigaluega + Tausiga) | Talosaga |
| ICP-MS/MS | 0.1 ppb | Maualuga Tele (>$428,000 USD) | Su'esu'ega o le u'amea mama atoatoa15 |
| GD-MS | 0.01 itulau | Matuā Tele (>$714,000 USD) | Su'esu'ega o isotope o le vasega semiconductor48 |
| ICP-OES | 1 ppm | Feololo (143,000–143,000–286,000 USD) | Su'ega fa'aputu mo u'amea masani56 |
| XRF | 100 ppm | Feololo (71,000–71,000–143,000 USD) | Puipui u'amea taua e le fa'aleagaina68 |
| Fa'asologa o le Fa'a-kemikolo | 0.1% | Maualalo (<$14,000 USD) | Su'esu'ega fa'atatau tau maualalo24 |
Aotelega
- Faamuamua i le Sa'o: ICP-MS/MS po'o le GD-MS mo u'amea e matua'i mama, e mana'omia ai ni paketi tetele.
- Tau Fa'alelei Paleni: ICP-OES ua tuʻufaʻatasia ma metotia faʻakemikolo mo faʻaoga masani i alamanuia.
- Manaʻoga e Lē Faʻaleagaina: Su'ega XRF + afi mo u'amea taua.
- Fa'atapula'aga o le Paketi: Fa'asologa o le titration vaila'au fa'atasi ai ma le au'ili'iliga o le conductivity/thermal mo SMEs
Taimi na lafoina ai: Mati-25-2025
